If carbon and Cr2O3 are combined in a molar ratio of 3:1 and subjected to increasing temperature, a number of oxidation-reduction …

Bayan Obo ore in the Inner Mongolia region of North China is a rare multimetallic mine that has 1.4 billion tons of Fe, 1 million tons of Nb 2 O 5, and > 40 million tons of rare-earth element (REE) minerals. 1 It accounts for 35% of the world's REE reserves and 5.5% of the world's Nb reserves. 2,3,4 Similar REE-Nb-Fe deposits are also found in …Web

Experiments of smelting reduction of chromium ore by using 5 t test converter have been made to produce chromium containing hot metal for stainless steelmaking. Special interest was focused on ...Web

The thermodynamic analysis on the reduction smelting of stainless steel pickling sludge was reported in this paper. The predominance area diagram of Fe–Ni–Cr–C–O system, and phase diagrams of CaF2–SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO system were first thermodynamically constructed. The effects of temperature, CaF2 content, and …Web

To reveal the smelting reduction mechanism of chromium ore for producing stainless steel in converter, the dissolution behaviour of chromium ore in CaO-SiO(2)-MgO-Al(2)O(3) slag system was studied ...Web

This study discusses the smelting behaviors of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets (CVTP) with TiO2 additions. The results show that the softening start temperature T10% increases from 1148°C to 1215°C, and the softening end temperature T40% increases from 1280°C to 1336°C. The melting start temperature TS …Web

Abstract. In a test melts, high-carbon ferrochrome is produced from chrome sinter and chrome-ore fines in an arc electrofurnace. Two types of sinter with the best performance—the best sintering ...Web

In the comparative study in identical condition, the chromite sinter showed much better metallic yield (76%) and higher chromium content (54.6%) in the produced ferrochrome than the lump ore (70 ...Web

Abstract: This paper reports the recoveries of iron, chromium, ... high phosphorus oolitic hematite iron ore; coal-based; smelting reduction ... the yield of pickling sludge is about 2,440,500 ...Web

The objective of chrome ore smelting is to convert the chromium into a form t h a t can readily be used by the steelmaker. Although chrome has been smelted in blast furnaces, it more commonly is reduced in submerged-arc electric furnaces. ... Then, given the appropriate initial composition to yield chromium instead of chromium carbide, …Web

50 per cent (with 10 per cent carbon plus silicon) can be produced from an ore with a chromium-to-iron ratio of 1,35, even if the chromium recovery is only 93 per cent of the …Web

Chrome ore smelting reduction process in converter for crude stainless steel production has won increasing attention because of utilizing cheap chrome ore as raw material instead of ferrochromium alloy, which can reduce the production cost significantly. Thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of chrome ore smelting reduction have been …Web

Keywords: Chromite ore fines, Sintering, Chromite sinter, Electric arc furnace, Ferrochrome, Metallic yield, Chromium recovery Introduction Majority of the lump chromite ores are lean (*30%Cr)Web

Chromium yield from the chro- mite ore increases with the increases in mill scale addition into the briquettes. The maximum chromium yield from the chromite ore is 99.9% when …Web

The objective of chrome ore smelting is to convert the chromium into a form that can readily be used by the steelmaker. Although chrome has been smelted in blast …Web

We claim: 1. A smelting reduction process of chromium ore by charging a carbonaceous material and a chromium ore into hot metal admitted in a metallurgical reaction vessel such as a converter or the like, feeding an oxygen gas to burn the carbonaceous material and conducting fusion and reduction of the chromium ore …Web

Much chromite ore processing residue (COPR), which is defined as hazardous solid waste due to virulent Cr (Ⅵ), is produced from chromium salt industry. C-bearing dust from steel industry is a kind of typically solid waste with poor surface activity. The iron ore sintering process has the potential on large-scale harmless utilization of COPR and C …Web

Chromium ore is an important metallic raw material that is widely used in the metallurgy industry, chemical industry, and refractory. Clarifying the consumption mechanism of chromium ore is crucial for policy making, enterprise production, and commodity investment. Based on the signal decomposition tool and S-curve model, a …Web

Iron ore quality a potential headwind to green steelmaking: Technology and mining ... could affect production yield, and increase electricity consumption and slag volume in an EAF. In DRI-EAF processes, the metallic impurities including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) should ideally be at a minimum as they hinder the ...Web

Ferro-chrome (Fe-Cr) alloy is essential for the production of stainless steel and special steels which are widely used and are of high quality, typically characterized by a high corrosion resistance and a low tendency to magnetization. The processing cycle of Fe-Cr involves the chemical reduction of the chromite ore. Smelting of HC Fe-Cr ferro ...Web

In the comparative study in identical condition, the chromite sinter showed much better metallic yield (76%) and higher chromium content (54.6%) in the produced ferrochrome than the lump ore (70 ...Web

ABSTRACT. The conventional process for producing high carbon ferrochromium by smelting chromite ore in a submerged arc furnace is reviewed and its limitations …Web

In this paper, iron high-Cr alloy was produced by a direct alloying with chromium in carbo- thermal reduction using fine of low grade chromites ore and mill scale. The smelting …Web

the smelting reduction of chromite ore in the SAF. The specific electric energy consumption by this route is 3.5-4.0 MWh per tonne of ferrochrome; [2] the yield of chromium from the chromite ore is approximately 80-85 wt.% [3] or 84-88 wt.%. [4] To produce 1 tonneWeb

Ferro-chrome from the chromite ore pellets having Cr/Fe ratio 2.6. Calculation of the charge mix for the Cr/Fe ratio 2.6 indicate that for smelting reduction of 40 kg pellets 14.4 kg of the nut coke will required for the complete smelting reduction of the chromite ore pellets. To maintain the 1.0 basicity of theWeb

As a result of EAF-assisted semi-pilot metallothermic smelting, the highest chromium content in produced alloys was 59.5 wt. %, while the highest chromium recovery from chromite concentrate to alloys was 76.7 wt. % in these experiments. ... and impurities by using Indian chromium ore (59.2% Cr 2 O 3) as the starting material. As a result ...Web

The chromium ore production of the world and China ... The results showed that a metal with chromium content of 58% and yield of 1.8% can be recovered from magnetic fraction by sink-float separation. ... For recovering chromium from smelting slags, the alkaline roasting-water leaching process has been developed (Liu et al., ...Web

The yield of a fraction of less than 5 mm was 9–10% ... Along with the chemical composition of chromium ore raw materials, for the use of chromium ore in the smelting of high-carbon ferrochromium in ore-smelting electric furnaces operating on alternating current, there are size requirements (10–100 mm), where the −10 mm fraction …Web

1. Introduction. Chromium finds diverse application in the refractory, pharmaceutical, metallurgical and casting industries (Aljerf, 2018; Tathavadkar et al., 2004).Among 82 distinct ore forms of chromium as an element, chromite (FeCr 2 O 4) is the only form that is extracted at a commercial scale (Motzer and Engineers, …Web

2. Chromite Smelting Technologies Four primary processes are available for smelting chromite ore to produce ferrochrome. They are: Conventional smelting process, …Web

It is the first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal. Chromium is a hard metal which is used in many industries. It is primarily used to produce stainless steel and other alloys. …Web

In the comparative study in identical condition, the chromite sinter showed much better metallic yield (76%) and higher chromium content (54.6%) in the produced ferrochrome …Web