Solar Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite Using Palm Kernel Shell Biomass High Temperature Processing of Complex Ores Published: 05 August 2020 72, …Web

A pathfinder study with the ISRU-BDM (Sargeant et al., 2020b) showed that 45 mg samples of 95% pure ilmenite grains could be reduced to produce yields of 3.51 ± 0.05 wt % O 2 (in terms of the water produced) over a reaction time of 4 h (the estimated time frame for ISRU experiments with ProSPA).The highest yield was obtained with an initial …Web

In a recent process (Becher et al., 1965), the iron oxide of ilmenite is reduced to the metallic state using coal, which is then catalytically converted to solid iron oxide, which can be easily separated. The product obtained is synthetic rutile containing around 92% Ti02. Detailed investigations on this process have been reported (Farrow et al ...Web

The reduced ilmenite product of ilmenite placer contains both TiO 2 and Fe, which possess slag forming capacity by TiO 2 and restrike of arc property by Fe. Thus, ilmenite placer is suitable for producing reduced ilmenite for coating material of welding electrode. ... In the present study, the C, S, and P content are far below the technical ...Web

The apparent activation energy for ilmenite reduction using biomass and graphite was determined to be 217.00 ± 0.06 kJ mol −1 and 239.44 ± 0.06 kJ mol −1, …Web

Conventionally TiO 2 is produced from Ilmenite ore by carbothermic reduction followed by leaching of iron to produce high purity TiO 2 which leads to loss of metallic iron and disposal of effluents. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop a process for production of TiO 2 utilizing low grade raw materials. Ilmenite ore pellets of …Web

The present study aims to reduce oxides in ilmenite ore from our local mining to produce titanium oxides by carbothermal reduction process and recycled agricultural waste from palm shell as renewable reductant. ... The amount of reduced ilmenite ore using palm char showed that TiO 2 increased from 25.7 wt.% up to 50.8 …Web

ilmenite phase is present and further reduction is limited. ... Back-scattered SEM images of cross-sectioned ilmenite reduced, oxidized, and reduced in a TGA in moist H 2. The X-ray maps show a thinWeb

Abstract The present communication describes an investigation on the preparation of metallized composite pellets from ilmenite concentrate. It was observed that the pellet size in the range of 8–12 mm, a binder dosage of 4 wt%, and internal carbon of 5 wt% are the optimum levels that help the pellets attain the desired drop number (~ …Web

Sulfur is present in ilmenite mud in the form of sulfates, and is completely removed via roasting. The phases in the roasted ilmenite mud were titanium dioxide, pseudobrookite, and silica. The roasted ilmenite …Web

The present study aims to reduce oxides in ilmenite ore from our local mining to produce titanium oxides by carbothermal reduction process and recycled agricultural waste from palm shell as ...Web

In Fig. 4 (a), when the reduction temperature is 1073 K and the reduction time is 40 min, the diffraction peaks of ilmenite disappear, and only the diffraction peaks of iron and rutile are present, indicating that the iron oxides in ilmenite concentrate are completely reduced by hydrogen to produce metal iron. When the reaction temperatures are ...Web

In the present study, this task was realized by the FactSage thermochemical software and databases. The results are presented in Fig. 16, Fig. 17. From Fig. 16, ... This shows that titanium suboxides can reduce ilmenite, and also the metallization rate of iron is increased. This study has great guideline significance for the clean and green ...Web

The measurement of metallic iron present in the reduced ilmenite samples was achieved by the use of a Saturated Magnetic Analysis balance (Satmagan). As the results of the Satmagan analysis are dimensionless, a calibration graph was generated from a range of reduced ilmenites containing known concentrations of metallic iron.Web

The ilmenite reduction reaction is an equilibrium reaction and therefore requires the removal of the product water from the reaction site in order to continue to produce water. Altenberg et al. (1993) modelled how the equilibrium constant for this …Web

The reduced ilmenite samples were examined using a Rigaku MiniFlex II diffractometer with a copper source operated at 15 mA and 30 kV and a scanning rate of 10°–90° with scan speed of 4° per min. ... Major phases present included reduced ilmenite (may include pseudobrookite), Fe metal, Cr-rich spinels, rutile, and zircon. Minor to trace ...Web

At present, the main methods of producing high-grade titanium-rich materials from ilmenite in the industry are coal-based reduction, electric furnace …Web

The present study aims to reduce oxides in ilmenite ore from our local mining to produce titanium oxides by carbothermal reduction process and recycled agricultural waste from palm shell as renewable reductant. The phase and chemical compositions of ilmenite ore and reduced samples were analyzed by XRD and XRF. It …Web

The reduced ilmenite is used as raw material (as Table 5), the oxygen flow rate is 0.6 m 3 /h, the liquid-solid ratio is 4:1, room temperature, and the reaction time is 2 h for corrosion reaction.Web

Ilmenite and Rutile: FeTiO 3 + nTiO 2 + (4+3n)C ---->Fe + (1+n)TiC + (3+2n)CO Where n represents the number of TiO 2 molecules Reduction with CO. This reaction is based on a fluidized bed scheme which is similar to large scale proposals for Hydrogen Reduction. The product of CO reduction of Ilmenite is Carbon Dioxide (CO 2), which is reduced to ...Web

The present work aims to investigate the link between the oxidation and reduction of a weathered ilmenite concentrate in terms of phase transitions, microstructural changes, and element distribution.Web

Vein, stockwork, skarn, and carbonate-replacement Sn deposits commonly contain little or no Cu, but examples rich in Cu are also well known in many Sn belts worldwide. The origin of Sn-Cu deposits in association with fractionated and reduced, ilmenite-series granites of mostly metasedimentary crustal parentage is enigmatic …Web

According to the present invention, we have discovered that reduced ilmenite, that is ilmenite which has been subjected to a reducing treatment and thus consists essentially of titanium dioxide, metallic iron, and possibly some unreduced iron oxide, may be reacted with an ilmenite digestion liquor formed by the digestion of ilmenite ore with ...Web

The electric arc furnace (EAF) smelting ilmenite concentrate process which produces titania slag, is high energy consumption, high pollution, and low efficiency process. An economical and clean process for semi-molten reduction followed by magnetic separation to produce titania slag from Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate is proposed. In …Web

Chemical looping reforming of CH 4 (CH 4-CLR) is an advanced technology for syngas generation, and ilmenite ore has been considered a promising oxygen carrier material due to its extremely low cost. However, the weak reactivity of ilmenite ore over CH 4 prevents its practical application in CH 4-CLR.This study has established a facile …Web

The phase evolution during the carbothermic reduction process of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate was investigated under argon atmosphere. The Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate briquette with graphite powder was reduced at 1473 K, 1573 K, 1673 K, and 1773 K (1200 °C, 1300 °C, 1400 °C, and 1500 °C) respectively, with the molar ratios of C …Web

The traditional aeration leaching process for the upgrading of reduced ilmenite is extremely sluggish and needs significant improvements in its efficiency.Web

Ilmenite can be reduced to different forms depending on the reaction gas composition, notably CO 2 in this case. Usually, when enough CO 2 is present, ilmenite reduction is limited to Fe 3 O 4 (RRR3 and …Web

present investigation. The residue containing ferrous chloride was characterized with the help of XRD and EPMA. During the experiment it was found that complete separation of HCl and FeCl 2 is feasible. The final pH of separated HCl is found to be 1.66 and it is suitable for reuse in the leaching of reduced ilmenite and the process makes a loop.Web