Zimbabwe had the world's third-largest platinum-group-metal (PGm) reserves, accounting for 1.7% of world reserves (Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, 2020; Ncube, 2020, p. 52; Schulte, 2020, 2021; Jaskula, 2021). Minerals in the National Economy in 2019, real GDP in the mining and quarrying sectorWeb