In 2003, there were 20 South African producers of silica (all with on-site plants), 3 dormant mines, 2 decommissioned mines and 5 fume silica producers. Silica is mined by opencast methods and extracted as silica sand or as lumps from pegmatites (frequently as a co-product of feldspar and mica), quartz massifs, veins or quartzites.Web