Green cokes with high VM (>12%) are more difficult to calcine and result in a higher porosity and lower bulk density in calcined coke. This paper will review current methods for …Web

Petroleum Coke General Properties: Volatile Combustible Matter (VCM) • VCM is unconverted pitch – Target 12% Max, fuel coke 9% to 10% – 14% VCM is very high; Coke will be soft • Increases green coke hydrogen content • Rules of thumb for control in fuel coke – Increase heater outlet 5-7 °F for 1% decrease in VCMWeb

Volatile matter (VM) analysis of green petroleum coke is an important measurement for determining the calcination behavior and properties of calcined coke. Green cokes with high VM (>12%) are more ...Web

A decrease in pressure has the effect of vaporizing more of the heavy hydrocarbon liquid that would otherwise be trapped in the coke drum and converted to coke and light hydrocarbons (Table 1).Web

compares the HGI values obtained from Eqs. (1) and (4) for different K cr values (1.3-2.3). Analysis of Table 2 indicates that the HGI values obtained from Eqs.Web

The green needle coke was transferred to a tube-type resistance furnace for calcination. Briefly, the green needle coke was heated to 1400 °C for 1 h at a heating rate of 5 °C min −1, and pure N 2 was used as an inert atmosphere. Needle coke was obtained after the calcination, which was denoted as CLP-A X-C (X represents the added content ...Web

baked to an elevated level of 1280 °E. The properties of these anodes were also evaluated. Special attention was given to the development of the anode RD and L C with respect to the initial coke RD and L C. Raw Materials CPC A single source coke with *2% sulfur (Coke S) was used for the majority of the work reported in this study. The cokeWeb

Effects of feed properties during co-carbonization of vacuum residue (VR) and bio oil feed mixed in different proportions in a batch reactor at temperature range of 480°C-490°C and at ...Web

The vibrated bulk density (VBD) is one of the most important calcined coke properties. In the context of changing green coke quality, a reliable forecast of the calcined coke VBD from small samples of green coke is required. To a certain extent, the VBD can be predicted from green coke properties, such as the Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI ...Web

Coal plasticity is a phenomenon directly affecting the creation of coke structure. It is very much a time- and temperature-dependent transformation of the coal matrix, which allows changing the physical phase from solid to liquid-like and again into solid of different properties. The coking process, particularly in a plasticization temperature …Web

3.1 Macro crystalline properties of graphite In the present study, regular coke and needle coke, which exhibit dierent crystallinity and orientation, were gra-phitized to investigate the lithium-ion storage mecha-nism and anode characteristics depending on the crystal-linity change. The regular coke and needle coke samplesWeb

Petroleum Coke General Properties: Volatile Combustible Matter (VCM) • VCM is unconverted pitch – Target 12% Max, fuel coke 9% to 10% – 14% VCM is very high; Coke will be soft • Increases green coke hydrogen content • Rules of thumb for control in fuel coke – Increase heater outlet 5-7 °F for 1% decrease in VCMWeb

The properties and blending recipe of petroleum cokes used to make high quality carbon anodes for aluminium electrolysis were studied. Three kinds of green cokes were selected for bench scale study to illustrate the effects of cokes properties and its blending recipe on anode performances. The results show that impurities derived mainly …Web

In this paper, finite element method was used to study the effect of coke deposition on heat and mass transfer during the catalytic partial oxidation of ethanol in a packed bed reactor. The properties of Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst bed were investigated after being subjected to several hours of carbon buildup. Bed permeability, porosity, and ...Web

that volatile The coke volatile matter is composed of heavy hydrocarbons hydrocarbon are deposited in the coke matrix and fill the pores. The high which 9 of and 21% has matter not (wt.), smell. been content The calcined of volatile green is generally matter coke gives but green premium cokes have volatile matter content less than 5% (wt ...Web

Needle coke is a premium solid carbon used in manufacturing graphite electrodes for electric-arc furnace. For the first time in the open literature, this study reports data on the molecular composition of the feed that is actually introduced into the coke drum for delayed coking after fractionating the decant oil feedstock togetherWeb

having 90% of the green coke's sulfur level; cokes with high sulfur up to 5% calcine to about 85% of the original sulfur level. The remaining sulfur in the calcined coke is liberated during theWeb

In the context of changing green coke quality, a reliable forecast of the calcined coke VBD from small samples of green coke is required. To a certain extent, the VBD can be …Web

Vibrated Bulk Density (VBD) of calcined cokes is also related to properties of green coke such as Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) and volatilies content [7]. Dion et al. [7] showed that as the ...Web

The activated coke prepared by the activation of mixed gas appeared to have ablated particles on the surface due to the ablation of the pore structure. In order to prepare activated coke with excellent adsorption performance, the physical and chemical properties of activated coke under different activation conditions were studied in detail.Web

having 90% of the green coke's sulfur level; cokes with high sulfur up to 5% calcine to about 85% of the original sulfur level. The remaining sulfur in the calcined coke is liberated …Web

This paper deals with the determination of chemical properties and hardgrove grindability index (HGI) of coal samples collected from three different coal fields of Punjab; Eastern Salt Range ...Web

As voids between fine particles increase in CP Coke and high Sulfur green petroleum coke (~4.9%) used in the blend with the imported coke having high sulfur …Web

Carbon anodes used in Hall–Héroult electrolysis cells are involved in both electrical and chemical processes of the cell. Electrical resistivity of anodes depends on electrical properties of its constituents, of which carbon coke aggregates are the most prevalent. Electrical resistivity of coke aggregates is usually characterized according to …Web

green coke available e.g. in Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia could also be calcined, if shaft kiln technology would be introduced outside of China. In Table 1 the properties of green coke for shaft kiln calcination versus Rotary Kiln calcination are compared. Property Unit Shaft Kiln Rotary Kiln Water content VCM HGI Sizing: > 16 mm > 4 mmWeb

In the Müller–Rochow process, where CH3Cl reacts with silicon to form methylchlorosilanes, copper is used as a catalyst. To provide insight into mechanisms leading to coke formation in the process, the interactions and decomposition of CH3Cl with four different surface orientations of copper were investigated by means of density …Web

In addition to CTE, other properties that can affect the performance of a graphite electrode are electrical resistivity, coke hardness, sulphur content, and nitrogen content. Table 1 provides typical needle coke properties. General overview The base coker unit configuration for a needle coking operation is similar to that of fuel-grade coke.Web

In this study, a nonisothermal kinetics analysis of petcoke was performed at heating rates of 10, 15, and 20°C/min using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The behaviour of petcoke at different gasification stages (dewatering, volatilization, char burning, and burnout) was studied. The effect of heating rate on the activation energy of petcoke …Web

The obvious benefit of driving green coke VCM to a low level is more distillate yield and less coke yield. Each 1 wt% reduction in VCM could increase refinery GRM by 5 cents/bbl. …Web

The effects of the coke deposition on the pore topology and the permeability were analyzed. The coke deposition pattern showed significant deposition in the pore throat. Analyses of the pore size distribution lead to a more reasonable geometric approach to measure the effective hydraulic radius for the better permeability prediction.Web

HGI increases with increase in the vitrinite reflection coefficient and the ignition temperature and with decrease in the volatile matter. Note that these characteristics also indirectly reflect the structure of the coal's organic mass. For example, the vitrinite reflection coefficient is associated with the presence of some quantity of cyclically …Web

Decrease of 1 wt % VCM requires an increase of 7-9 F. coke-drum vapor line temperature. Decreasing cycle time by 6 hr increases coke VCM by 1 wt %. Bulk density of the coke is a function of the ...Web

Sulfur Nitrogen Metals Ash Granulometry (fines) Petroleum Coke General Properties: Volatile Combustible Matter (VCM) VCM is unconverted pitch Target 12% Max, fuel coke 9% to 10% 14% VCM is very high; Coke will be softWeb

VCM HGI Sizing: > 16 mm > 4 mm < 1 mm % % % % % 1 - 8 10 - 16 80 - 120 5 - 20 30 - 55 20 - 40 5 - 10 8 - 12 70 - 90 25 - 35 45 - 60 10 - 20 Table 1: Green coke properties in Shaft versus Rotary Kiln As can be seen in shaft kilns very fine material with higher VCM's can be calcined which can not be calcined in rotary kilns where VCM's areWeb

For high it for Syrian petcoke, varying a of characteristic green between coke matter shot coke content Volatile to a maximum varies between matter content of 15.0% a minimum …Web

Volatile matter (VM) analysis of green petroleum coke is an important measurement for determining the calcination behavior and properties of calcined coke. Green cokes with …Web

Catalytic cracking of toluene as a tar model compound was carried out to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the coke formation and performance of nickel catalyst. The deactivation of catalyst depended on the quantity and nature of deposited coke, which were affected by the operating conditions, including temperature, …Web

To a certain degree, the VBD can be predicted from the green coke properties, such as the HGI and the volatiles content. The quality of such a prediction is illustrated in Fig. 1 for different cokes produced at the Strathcona calciner. There is a fair correlation between the green coke HGI and the VBD of the corresponding calcined cokes.Web