The reduction behavior of pelletized and pre-oxidized ilmenite is investigated in H2-H2O atmospheres containing between 0 and 7% H2O and at temperatures between 983 and 1183 K (710 and 910 °C).Web

using high gr ade raw mater ials and an acid ic media is us ed as a leaching agent for. separatio n of TiO. 2. ... Then, 1.34 kg of reduced ilmenite pellet was added gradually in the. batch of 500 ...Web

The present work aims to investigate the link between the oxidation and reduction of a weathered ilmenite concentrate in terms of phase transitions, microstructural changes, and element distribution. An ilmenite concentrate sample was pelletized and fired at 1000 °C in air, and as a result, the pellets were oxidized. The oxidized pellets were …Web

Cited-By (1) The kinetics of the oxidation of a cement-bonded pellet made of natural ilmenite was studied with an unsteady nonisothermal kinetic model derived by assuming pseudo-steady state mass transfer through the product layer and unsteady state heat transfer within the pellet. The derived model agreed well with the experiments.Web

A carbothermic reduction of complex Kalimantan ilmenite (FeTiO3) with palm kernel shell biomass as a reducing agent using regular electric and simulated solar heating has been investigated. The results demonstrate that palm kernel shell biomass can be used as an alternative reductant for the carbothermic reduction. Incomplete ilmenite …Web

In this study, a rapid digestion protocol using ammonium bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2) was developed to completely digest large amounts of rutile, ilmenite, titanite and perovskite. These Ti-rich samples (50 mg) can be completely digested in 4 hours with the use of 300 mg of NH 4 HF 2 at 230 °C, and each 200 mg of rutile and ilmenite ore can …Web

Synthesis gas, produced from natural gas, can be used to minimise coal consumption and carbon dioxide emissions during the processing of ilmenite. Two different ilmenite ores have been reduced with carbon monoxide and hydrogen mixtures to investigate the effects of temperature and gas composition on the final product. …Web

The ilmenite pellet (20 mm in diameter, 5 mm in thickness, 1.5 g in weight) was then put into a Al 2 O 3 crucible (25 mm in inner diameter, 30 mm in outer diameter, and 8 mm in depth), and it was located at the bottom of the Al 2 O 3 vessel, as shown in Fig. 1. The distance between raw material pellet and the molybdenum plate cathode was 10 …Web

Fluxless smelting of ilmenite to produce furnace slag as feedstock for the pigment industry is a well-established industrial practice with extensive installed smelting capacity globally.1,2,3,4 Commercial ilmenite smelters produce two products, namely titania-rich slag and a pig iron by-product. In contrast, smelting practices for titaniferous …Web

ilmenite pellet (20 mm in diameter, 5 mm in thick-ness, 1.5 g in weight) was then put into a Al. 2. O. 3. crucible (25 mm in inner diameter, 30 mm in outer. diameter, and 8 mm in depth), and it ...Web

The reduction behavior of pelletized and pre-oxidized ilmenite is investigated in H2-H2O atmospheres containing between 0 and 7% H2O and at temperatures between 983 and 1183 K (710 and 910 °C). The reduction mechanism occurs in two stages wherein the rapid reduction of trivalent to divalent iron cations is followed by the slower …Web

The compressive strength can reach up to 2900 N when the ilmenite concentrate pellet with 15% magnetite concentrate is pre-heated above 800 °C for 20 min and then roasted at 1250 °C for 20 min.Web

ABSTRACT Drying is a critical process step to achieve excellent pellet quality in pelletizing process. The complexity and energy consumption toward moisture removing, especially for highly hydrated iron ore, increased the need for breakthrough enhancements to this process. The present study has evaluated kinetics parameters of …Web

Pan-xi ilmenite concentrate undergoes pelleting to produce an oxidation-roasted pellet. Second, the oxidation roasted ilmenite concentrate pellet is reduced by hydrogen-rich gas in a shaft furnace to produce a metallized pellet. Finally, the iron and slag in the metallized pellet are melted and separated in an electrothermal furnace to produce hotWeb

The compressive strength of the ilmenite concentrate pellet which greater than 1700 N is available. In this study, a novel process for preparing Pan-xi ilmenite …Web

tion of a Sri Lankan ilmenite with sawdust as the reduct-ant. The ilmenite ore was initially pre-oxidized at 1273 K for 3 h to convert the ilmenite into ferric pseudobrookite Fe(2 TiO 5) and rutile. The pre-oxidation process generated micro-cracks and pores on the surface of the particles, which accelerates the subsequent reduction process.Web

Abstract The kinetics and mechanisms of carbothermic reduction of a complex Kalimantan weathered ilmenite (FeTiO 3) using palm kernel biomass were …Web

3.1 Characterization of Sample Received from Ilmenite Processing. The composition of waste iron oxide powder obtained from ilmenite processing was chemically analyzed. It contained 63% of iron (constitute ~ 90% Fe 2 O 3) along with some impurities such as Mn (0.8%), Mg (1.4%), Al (0.8%) and traces of Si, Ti, etc.The sample was also …Web

DOI: 10.1080/00084433.2023.2258613 Corpus ID: 262166697; Investigation on the pre-reduction of ilmenite pellet using H 2 /CO atmospheres @article{Saghafi2023InvestigationOT, title={Investigation on the pre-reduction of ilmenite pellet using H 2 /CO atmospheres}, author={Mohammad hossein Saghafi and Abootaleb …Web

For several decades, the metallurgical industry and the research community worldwide have been challenged to develop energy-efficient and low-cost titanium production processes. The expensive and energy-consuming Kroll process produces titanium metal commercially, which is highly matured and optimized. Titanium's strong …Web

The compressive strength can reach up to 2900 N when the ilmenite concentrate pellet with 15% magnetite concentrate is pre-heated above 800 °C for 20 min and then roasted at 1250 °C for 20 min ...Web

We claim: 0.4. 1. A coated pellet comprising a core consisting of a suitable mixture for a metallurgical reductive process and a coke matrix skin substantially surrounding the core, the core comprising an ilmenite ore, solid carbonaceous material capable of reducing the iron oxide in ilmenite to metallic iron and a flux chosen from the group consisting of alkali …Web

Abstract The reduction behavior of pelletized and pre-oxidized ilmenite is investigated in H 2 -H 2 O atmospheres containing between 0 and 7% H 2 O and at …Web

High-quality oxidized pellets are the basis to achieve high-efficiency utilization of vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) ores. Bentonite was used as a binder of VTM. The main phase composition of VTM is titanomagnetite and ilmenite. When the amount of bentonite is 1%, the compressive strength and dropping strength of VTM pellets can …Web

The main reactions in the reduction process are listed in Table 2, and the standard Gibbs-free energy vs. temperature plot for the possible reactions in the reduction process is shown in Fig. 3. In the temperature range from 1000 to 1100 °C (Close to shaft furnace reduction temperature), the difficulty in reducing …

An iron sand concentrate was pelletized and reduced using coal under the isothermal–temperature gradient profile with a controlled heating rate starting from 1000 °C to a final temperature of 1180–1380 °C. Each pellet was a non-composite mixture, where coal as a reductant was added to cover the whole surface of the pellet. The visual …Web

The influences of heating pattern and sodium carbonate addition on the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate have been experimentally studied. The experiments were carried out using isothermal–gradient temperature technique between 1000 °C and 1500 °C with different temperature profiles for a total reduction time …Web

The batch wood pellet experiments show that the ilmenite oxygen buffering effect is mitigated due to high local oxygen demand around the pellets and limited pellet distribution in the bed. Finally, the …Web

Abstract. The preparation of high-strength pellets from Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate is important for the hydrogen-rich smelting of titania slag and was …Web

Furthering the electrolytic time can promote the dense structure of ilmenite pellet turn to be more porous, indicating pores inside the pellet are sufficient for the diffusion of oxygen ions.Web

It was observed that the pellet size in the range of 8-12 mm, a binder dosage of 4 wt.%, and internal carbon of 5 wt.% are the optimum levels that help the pellets attain the desired drop number ...Web

The value addition potential of ilmenite was examined using several characterization techniques. Raw ilmenite is composed of 93.65 wt.% of FeOTiO2, 3.55 wt.% of SiO2, 1.22 wt.% of Al2O3, and the remainder being other minor oxides. Ilmenite and powdered carbonized coconut shells were mixed in the weight ratio of 4:1. A separate …Web

The reduction of ilmenite pellet by H 2 /CO mixtures and H 2 pure gas was studied in the temperature range of 760–890°C. Reduced pellet microstructures and …Web

The direct electrochemical extraction of Ti-Fe alloys from natural ilmenite (FeTiO3) in molten CaCl2 is reported in this article. The sintered porous pellet of natural ilmenite acted as the cathode of the electrochemical system, and the carbon-saturated liquid tin contained in a solid-oxide oxygen-ion-conducting membrane (SOM) tube served …Web

Several routes were explored for ilmenite pelletization to obtain high-quality ilmenite composite pellets. The recommended optimum route enhanced the drop …Web

The preparation of high-strength pellets from Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate is important for the hydrogen-rich smelting of titania slag and was investigated. The effects of the magnetite concentrate and heating procedure including the pre-heating temperature and period as well as roasting temperature and period on the compressive strength of the …Web