Sulfur deficiency leads to organ-specific regulation of TOR activity that is critical for the increased root-to-shoot ratio. A–D, Immunological detection of S6K phosphorylation status and S6K abundance (A) with specific antisera against S6K-p and S6K1/2 in the shoots and roots of wild-type plants hydroponically grown under optimal sulfate (500 µM …Web

TOR signaling in plants has evolved to regulate multiple plant-specific processes, some using known TOR effectors from mammalian TOR signaling. Crosstalk between TOR and phytohormone signaling enables plants to modulate the growth response to adapt to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors. To identify the appropriate times for …Web

The Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a major controller of growth-related processes in all eukaryotes. If environmental conditions are favorable, the TOR pathway promotes cell and organ growth and restrains catabolic processes like autophagy. Rapamycin is a specific inhibitor of the TOR kinase and acts as a potent inhibitor of TOR …Web

Plant TAP46, an ortholog of TAP42 in yeast and α4 (a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A; the human α4 protein is also known as IGBP1) in animals, also plays a role downstream of TOR in regulating translation ( Fig. 4 ). TAP46 is a conserved regulatory subunit of PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) and a direct TOR phosphorylation …Web

Instead, plant the following plants that will thrive in that stubborn spot without issue. 1. Lavender. Many perennials do well in low-quality soil, especially lavender. Lavender is native to the dry, rocky regions of the Mediterranean, so it will surely appreciate that dry sandy soil patch in your garden. This must-have plant attracts bees ...Web

Tomato plants can develop disorders that distort plants and blemish fruits. Tomato disorders are generally caused by varietal, environmental, or management issues. For most disorders, good nutrient management …Web

Results. To identify novel downstream components of the plant TOR signaling network, we took orthogonal global approaches to quantify how deactivating TOR impacts the plant transcriptome (RNA-Seq), translatome (Ribo-Seq), proteome, and phosphoproteome ().Seedlings were grown to quiescence in half-strength MS media for …Web

In yeasts and animals, rapamycin has been used extensively to dissect TOR signaling. Although plant TOR is considered to be poorly sensitive to rapamycin as a result of mutations in the FKBP12 protein …Web

To define these mechanisms in plants, we globally profiled the plant TOR-regulated transcriptome, translatome, proteome, and phosphoproteome. We found that …Web

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A TOR umbrella for the signaling of key nutrients. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients for building key macromolecules. Little is known about how plants sense levels of C, N, S, and P, but evidence supports an involvement of TOR. C levels are sensed through the levels of photosynthates, such as ...Web

Figure 5—source data 1: TOR-LARP1-5′TOP signaling in Arabidopsis seedlings regulates translation of mRNAs that encode deeply conserved eukaryotic proteins, plant lineage-specific proteins, and diverse proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis.(A) Several mRNAs are translationally regulated by TOR-LARP1-5′TOP signaling in both …Web

The plant TOR-LARP1-5′TOP axis controls translation not only of well-known conserved targets (e.g., polyA-bind and elongation factors), but also plant-specific ones involved in auxin signalling, development, and chromatin modification [21∗]. This regulatory module has emerged early in the evolution to integrate translation and cell ...Web

TOR signaling in plants has evolved to regulate multiple plant-specific processes, some using known TOR effectors from mammalian TOR signaling. Crosstalk between TOR …Web

2 Principles and Applications of Metal Rolling (ii) Shape of the rolled product- flat, sections or hollow sections rolling. (iii) Direction of rolling- lengthwise, transverse, and skew rolling. (iv) Mode of rolling mill operation- continuous (unidirectional), and reverse rolling, where direction of rotation of rolls are reversed. When two rolls of equal diameter and with axis …Web

As TOR kinase is an integral part of the glucose signaling network in photosynthetic plants, it is important to understanding how the dynamic processes and regulation in sugar production, transport, storage and metabolism [59,60] modulate TOR signaling in different plant cells, tissues and organs, which form the basis of plant …Web

The plant TOR signalling network has evolved to monitor diverse inorganic and organic nutrient availability, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, to support anabolic activities that require integrated inputs of multiple nutrients to promote ribosome biogenesis, protein translation, cell cycle, cell expansion, and photosynthesis. ...Web

PP67CH11-Meyer ARI 1 April 2016 9:15 TOR Signaling and Nutrient Sensing Thomas Dobrenel,1,2 Camila Caldana,3 Johannes Hanson,2 Christophe Robaglia,4 Michel Vincentz,5 Bruce Veit,6 and Christian Meyer1 1Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles 78026, France; …Web

According to EPA regulation, power plants that burn coal and natural gas would have to shut down or reduce their carbon emissions to almost nothing over the …Web

Remarkably, the protein kinase target of rapamycin (TOR) has been shown to act in the center of such networks in all eukaryotes, from unicellular yeasts and algae to multicellular plants, animals and humans ( Ben-Sahra and Manning, 2017; Dobrenel et …Web

J Integr Plant Biol2022 Feb;64 (2):342-370. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13212. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that functions as a central signaling hub to integrate diverse internal and external cues to precisely orchestrate cellular and organismal physiology. During evolution, TOR both maintains the highly ...Web

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ToR for EIA studies in respect of metallurgical industry (ferrous and non-ferrous) may include, but not ... 4 Details of proposed layout clearly demarcating various units of the plant. 5 Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its processes and operations, along with material ... rolling plants etc.Web

TOR loss of function mutants stop growing at an early stage of embryo development (16 to 32 cells), indicating that TOR is essential for plant growth [97,98]. …Web

Plant life span varies significantly and is regulated, in part, by TOR. (A) Long-lived coast redwoods, Sequoia sempervirens. (B) A composite image showing the influence of TOR expression on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana.Representative plants for conditional TOR suppression derived from the FKBP12-2 line (left) and WT …Web

Although few TOR substrates have been mapped in plants, some canonical downstream TOR targets are conserved in plants, such as the S6 kinase (S6K), which stimulates protein synthesis through ...Web

A large-scale phosphoproteome and interactome analysis in Arabidopsis has now uncovered plant-specific and conserved TOR …Web

TOR guides temporal plant growth and development by integrating upstream signals. TOR signaling has been found to orchestrate plant growth and development throughout the life cycle, from embryogenesis and seedling growth to vegetative and reproductive growth, by modulating multiple downstream cellular processes (Liu and …Web

The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a master regulator that is evolutionarily conserved among yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), plants, animals, and humans, integrates nutrient and energy signaling to promote cell proliferation and growth. Recent breakthroughs made possible by integrating chemical, genetic, and genomic analyses …Web

Expanding the landscape of TOR upstream regulators. The main regulators of TORC1 activity have been identified and include auxin, light, nucleotides, and sugars (Ingargiola et al., 2020; Artins and Caldana, 2022).However, in this issue we focus on recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation, both in microalgae and …Web

TOR and the control of plant growth. As in yeast and animals, TOR has been implicated in controlling plant growth and cell division (Caldana et al., 2019) and prominent inducers of TOR activity have been shown to be sucrose and glucose (Xiong et al., 2012; Dobrenel et al., 2016a; Shi et al., 2018).Indeed, a strong sugar–TOR growth-controlling …Web

Here, we review recent discoveries on the plant TOR signaling network. We present an overview of plant TOR complexes, analyze the signaling landscape of the plant TOR signaling network from the upstream signals that regulate plant TOR activation to the downstream effectors involved in various biological processes, and compare their …Web

ABA represses TOR and root meristem activity through nuclear exit of the SnRK1 kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 119, e2204862119. [Europe PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Burkart GM, Brandizzi F. 2021. A tour of TOR complex signaling in plants. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 46, 417–428.Web

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Furthermore, endogenous TOR kinase from Arabidopsis plants phosphorylated E2Fb in vitro, which was completely blocked by torin2 (Fig. 5B). E2Fb could also be immunoprecipitated with TOR protein in plant leaf cells (Fig. 5C). These results indicate that E2Fb is another direct TOR kinase substrate.Web

Main conclusion TOR signaling is finely regulated under diverse abiotic stresses and may be required for the plant response with a different time-course depending on the duration and nature of the stress. Abstract Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling is a central regulator of growth and development in eukaryotic organisms. However, its …Web