Reduction roasting of manganese ores is a known process; however, it is not yet commercialized mainly due to various techno-economic issues. The current research work presents results of a large-scale plant trial performed at a commercial Direct Reduced Iron making plant to upgrade low-grade ferruginous manganese ores (Mn: 25–32%, …Web

Low-grade ferruginous manganese ores with Mn < 34% and Mn/Fe < 2.5 needs to be upgraded to enrich their manganese content before using them in the manufacturing of ferroalloys [].V Singh et al. [] briefly reviewed the different methods used to upgrade manganese ore resources from various parts of the world.Owing to the similar …Web

Manganese was leached from a low-grade manganese ore (LGMO) using banana peel as the reductant in a dilute sulfuric acid medium. The effects of banana peel amount, H 2 SO 4 concentration, reaction temperature, and time on Mn leaching from the complex LGMO were studied. A leaching efficiency of ∼98% was achieved at a leaching …Web

Increased demand for manganese alloys and compounds for various industries created a dire need of Manganese (Mn) ore beneficiation technology. Significant variability in ore grades and mineralogical characteristics impose challenges during selection of a proper beneficiation process to upgrade the low-grade manganese ores.Web

In order to economically utilize low-grade manganese ores in Indonesia, a process is proposed to produce high-grade manganese concentrate and prepare …Web

Most of the manganese resources in China have existed in the form of low-grade pyrolusite which is not utilized efficiently because of the high energy consumption and environmental pollution during the reduction process. Applying microwave heating to minerals reduction endows improved production efficiency and reduced production costs. …Web

The grade and leaching method causes a large amount of Mn-rich residue to be stockpiled. Due to the low-grade manganese ore, the electrolytic manganese …Web

In this paper, using the low-grade manganese dioxide ore from Guangxi (China) and cornstalk from Beijing (China) as raw material, the effects of roasting and leaching condition on the leaching recovery were investigated. Manganese recovery of 90.2% was obtained under the experimental condition: manganese dioxide ore to …Web

In this paper, a low-grade manganese ore in Yongzhou of Hunan Province in China, in which manganese mainly existed in the form of MnCO 3, was leached in sulfuric acid medium without reductants. The effects of grinding fineness, sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, agitation rate and leaching time on the leaching efficiency were ...Web

The manganese content in the extractable ores differs from 20 to 60%, however, the rapid depletion of high-grade manganese deposits increased the usage of …Web

Conclusions. A study has been made on reaction mechanism of bioleaching of a low grade manganese ore,where a native fungal strain, P. citrinum, could dissolve around 68.3% of manganese present in the ore in 45 days. This fungus produced organic acids (mainly citric acid and oxalic acid) in leaching medium which reduced manganese …Web

Manganese alloys are important raw materials for steelmaking. However, selective mining of high-grade manganese ore resources has resulted in a scarcity of these high-grade Mn ores (Mn: >42; Mn/Fe: >5). The present research work is carried out to explore a new smelting reduction process to produce high-Mn/Fe synthetic Mn ore from …Web

Manganese is an important industrial mineral and high-grade manganese ore deposits are constantly diminishing due to its widespread industrial use. Consequently, attempts are being made to develop economically feasible routes to upgrade low-grade manganese ores (LGMO).Web

Magnetic separation is an effective strategy for the upgrading of a variety of lean ores, including the beneficiation of low-grade manganese ores. This work reviews 24 studies on the magnetic separation of manganese …Web

Characterization and calcination behavior of a low-grade manganese ore, as a part of Mn ferroalloys production, was studied by XRF, ex-situ XRD, in-situ XRD, and …Web

The relation between the magnetic separation behavior and magnetic properties of a low-grade manganese ore was analyzed before and after treatment by direct reduction with coal. It was found that raw ore with an initial average grade of 10.39% Mn and consisting of diamagnetic and paramagnetic minerals can be concentrated by …Web

In this study, a method for preparing pure manganese sulfate from low-grade ores with a granule mean size of 0.47 mm by direct acid leaching was developed. The effects of the types of leaching ...Web

Manganese dioxide is typically reduced to a bivalent state before being extracted; here, sulfur is considered an efficient reductant and sulfur–based reduction has been industrialized in China. In this study, …Web

Manganese was leached from a low-grade manganese ore (LGMO) using banana peel as the reductant in a dilute sulfuric acid medium. The effects of banana peel …Web

XPS spectra of low-grade pyrolusite before and after microwave heating (A) and the best fit of Mn2p in raw pyrolusite (B); the best fit of Mn2p in microwave treated pyrolusite at 450°C for 10 min ...Web

The raw material used in this study was low-grade manganese clay with a grade of 6.1% Mn, and the main manganese mineral was pyrolusite. FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O and a dilute hydrochloric acid solution were selected as the most effective reductant and solvent, and the leaching efficiency of manganese and iron was greater than 92% and 70%, …Web

Manganese ferrite (MnFe 2 O 4) has been synthesized via solid state reaction route.The chemical reagents used in the present work were low grade manganese ore and chemical grade ferric oxide (Fe 2 ...Web

Researchers have carried out some studies on the extraction of manganese oxides and manganese from low-grade manganese ore by an effective and economical process. Manganese ore can exist stably in an acidic or alkaline oxidizing environment [13], [14]. Therefore, the extraction of manganese is usually carried out under reducing …Web

The raw material used in this study was low-grade manganese clay with a grade of 6.1% Mn, and the main manganese mineral was pyrolusite. FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O and a dilute hydrochloric acid solution were selected as the most effective reductant and solvent, and the leaching efficiency of manganese and iron was greater than 92% and 70%, …Web

The selective reduction of low-grade manganese ore followed by magnetic separation was proposed to produce rich-manganese ore. The optimized parameters include a roasting temperature of 1050°C, a ...Web

Low grade manganese ore is beneficiated with hydrochloric acid as the leaching agent to obtain a manganese concentrate. After leaching by hydrochloric acid, the impurities of low-grade manganese ore are easily dissolved into the leach liquor, and high-grade manganese concentrate is left in the solid phase, in which more than 99% …Web

The composition of manganese ore mixture in percent weight to produce ferromanganese was 100–0, 75–25, 50–50, 25–75, and 0–100 for medium-grade and low-grade manganese ore, respectively.Web

Utilization of low-grade manganese ore adopting the carbothermic reduction roasting process is a proven method to produce high-grade manganese ore. To minimize industrial waste and protect the environment, gas cleaning plant sludge (GCPS), which is a solid waste from steel industries, was employed as a reductant to perform the reduction …Web

Low-grade ferruginous manganese ore was used to generate the MnSO 4 electrolyte suitable for the electrowinning of EMD. Bench-scale electrowinning test work was carried out to study the effect of variation in current density, electrolyte temperature, anode-to-cathode distance, feed Mn concentration and flow rate, electrolyte's initial pH, and ...Web

The typical multi-element chemical analysis in low-grade manganese ores is presented in Table 1. The grade of manganese in sample is 14.53%, which is much lower than the content of high-grade manganese ores. On the other hand, the contents of Mn/Fe and P/Mn are 9.02% and 0.0045%, respectively; and the alkaline coefficient of sample is …Web

In the present review paper, an attempt has been made to summarize the various kinds of beneficiation practices used to upgrade the low-grade manganese ores. A detailed analysis of Mn ore types, genesis processes, mineralogical characteristics, and …Web

The manganese ores with a Mn/ Fe mass ratio >5 are commercial grade Mn-ores whereas ores with low Mn/Fe mass ratio (<3) are considered as ferruginous manganese ores. These ferruginous ore resources are profusely available all over the world (Liu et al., 2019) and now focus has been shifted to the utilization of these low-grade …Web

1. Introduction. Manganese is a typical ferrous and strategic metal that is widely used in steel production, nonferrous metallurgy, dietary additives, medicine, batteries and fine chemicals [[1], [2], [3]].With the rapid consumption of rich manganese ore resources, low-grade ferruginous manganese ores have become indispensable …Web

In order to utilize low-grade manganese ore resources effectively, a hydrometallurgical process was developed for manganese extraction in dilute sulfuric acid medium, and the kinetics of leaching ...Web

Manganese is a ferrous ore with growing significance in steel industries worldwide for the purpose of production of various alloys, thereby depriving low-and high-grade deposits and encouraging ...Web