especially been caused by peat oxidation, peat compaction and peat mining in the Holocene sequence, starting about 1000 years ago (Erkens et al., 2016). Large scale peat mining continued until the late 19th century, after which subsidence has been mainly caused by peat compaction and oxidation. Peat compaction is the mechanical process …Web

The combination of oxidation, shrinkage and compaction causes subsidence of the peat soil surface, reducing pore space and increasing bulk density (Hooijer et al. 2012; Sinclair et al. 2019). Land use change associated with drainage may affect nutrient concentrations and alter nutrient cycling by means of vegetation change …Web

Peat is common in many distal parts of Holocene deltas, which are often densely populated. It is known that land subsidence due to peat compaction may have …Web

The rate of peat subsidence is initially between 20 to 50 cm per year in the first or second year of drainage . Then, the rate of peat subsidence reduces into 4 to 6 cm per year [4,8,64]. Finally, the rate of peat subsidence becomes stable at …Web

For example, peat subsidence has been used as a measurable indicator to determine carbon loss by observing changes to peat depth [13]. van Asselen et al. [43] argued that the compaction process of ...Web

There, poles are dug into the ground to provide a reference to measure the subsidence of the land over time as the peat desiccates. The process is arduous and time-consuming, and thus limited in the areas it can cover. ... Unlike other kinds of subsidence seen in drier ecosystems, which can result from compaction of soil, in this case the ...Web

Peat subsidence is also triggered by a combination of processes, such as compaction by heavy equipment, the construction of settlements and roads, shrinkage through the contraction of organic fibers when drying and consolidation by loss of water from pores in the peat. Peat subsidence is also caused by the decomposition and …Web

In this study, we analyse temporal variations and the long-term trajectory of subsidence in a uniquely long-term (12 year), large-scale and methodologically …Web

Vertical displacement rates at this boundary, averaged over 750–1,500 years, are on the order of a few mm/yr. Total subsidence scales to ∼50% of the thickness of overlying deposits, significantly greater than the 28%–35% loss estimated for inland localities underlain by peat, indicating that bay muds in the study area are more …Web

Subsidence due to peat compaction may have important implications in alluvial floodplains, because it leads to wetland loss, land inundation, and damage to buildings and infrastructure. Furthermore, it potentially influences spatial and temporal river sedimentation patterns, and hence the evolution of alluvial floodplains.Web

Peat subsidence will affect peatland micro-topography and hydrology that in turn influences the effectiveness of hydrological and vegetation recovery (Applegate et al. 2012). Moreover, degraded …Web

Depending on the initial bulk density, compaction has probably caused a subsidence from 2.2 to 4.0 m. ... However, peat subsidence linked to plantation drainage represents both an environmental and a socio-economic challenge, associated with elevated CO 2 emissions, impacts on adjacent forest habitat, and long-term changes in plantation ...Web

Peat oxidation results in volume reduction (subsidence) and CO 2 gas emissions. In addition, the drained peat loses its buoyancy and loads the underlying peat that starts to consolidate, resulting in further subsidence. Whereas shrinkage and consolidation contribute mostly to subsidence in the first years after drainage, the …Web

Wösten et al., 1997 and Ansahri et al., 2021 [19,49] used oxidized subsidence factor 0.6 to calculate C loss from each subsided peat cm, using assumption that 60% of subsidence is peat mineralization but …Web

Data on peat subsidence and oil palm yields were collected from 10 blocks of oil palm of different ages planted on peat of different depths ranging from shallow to deep peat. A regression equation was established with subsidence data as a dependent variable, while ground water-table and time with quadratic effects were independent variables.Web

Pristine peatlands—i.e., peatlands (where peat soil has at least 30% dry organic matter and a peat depth generally exceeding 40 cm 1) that have thus far not …Web

Repeat measurement of peat surface elevation and subsidence (via stakes anchored in the mineral substrate or via remote sensing) may encompass fire events (Hoyt et al., 2020, Wösten et al., 1997) but requires assumptions about compaction (changes in peat bulk density and C density) and cannot account for within-peat heterotrophic …Web

They observed initial rates of subsidence up to 75 cm yr −1 from compaction after drainage, followed by long-term subsidence rates up to 5 cm yr −1 from oxidation …Web

The compaction component of peat subsidence is expected to increase with peat depth, while loss component is expected to be less depth dependent. As a consequence, the loss component fraction of the subsidence is likely to decrease with increasing peat depth. Our estimate of the loss component (38%) was calculated from …Web

Therefore, we quantified subsidence due to peat compaction and oxidation in built-up areas in the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands, using lithological borehole data and measurements of dry …Web

In addition, compaction of aerenchyma and/or root channels under conditions of vegetation death/decline is also a mechanism for soil volume reduction and thus shallow soil subsidence (Chambers et al. 2019). Peat collapse at rates of 11 mm year −1 was reported from a mangrove forest in Honduras due to mass tree mortality and root death …Web

Subsidence due to peat compaction may have important implications in alluvial floodplains, because it leads to wetland loss, land inundation, and damage to …Web

Compaction of hydrocarbon reservoirs continues for decades even after production stops, so any decreases in hydrocarbon extraction will not immediately stop the related subsidence. The …Web

The amount of subsidence due to peat compaction is variable in space and time, mainly depending on (1) overburden weight, (2) time since loading, and (3) organic …Web

Subsidence by peat compaction and oxidation severely impacts built-up coastal areas. • Field data shows that this type of subsidence is highly variable in time and space. • This variability mostly relates to subsurface buildup and characteristics and groundwater depth. • We expect a considerable subsidence potential in many peat-rich ...Web

The size of peat subsidence at Solec peatland (Poland) over 50 years was determined. The field values for subsidence and mineralization were compared with estimates using 20 equations. The subsidence values derived from equations and field measurements were compared to rank the equations. The equations that include a …Web

The drainage and cultivation of peatlands will lead to subsidence and mineralisation of organic matter, increasing carbon (C) loss as more CO2 is emitted. There is little information about carbon …Web

Over time, subsidence increases the risk of periodic flooding or inundation of land, and may lead to a reduction in productivity. Subsidence results from a combination of compaction (shrinkage) of the dry peat, and accelerated decomposition following its exposure to oxygen, which contributes to CO 2 emissions from drained peatlands.Web

Subsidence occurs due to a combination of compaction (compression of aerated peat), consolidation (compression of peat below the water table due to loss of buoyancy of overlaying peat), and oxidation (aerobic decomposition of organic matter to CO 2) (Evans et al. 2019). Given that peat contains around 90% water, draining the water out of theWeb

Therefore, we quantified subsidence due to peat compaction and oxidation in built-up areas in the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands, using lithological borehole data and measurements of dry bulk ...Web

At the same time, subsidence is reduced by compaction with heavy machinery as practised in oil palm estates to allow anchorage of trees and to increase the bearing capacity of the land. ... However, in contrast to the quantification of the peat subsidence versus time relationship, a much smaller data set was available for the …Web

Wösten et al., 1997 and Ansahri et al., 2021 [19,49] used oxidized subsidence factor 0.6 to calculate C loss from each subsided peat cm, using assumption that 60% of subsidence is peat mineralization but 40% is compaction. In these studies, variations in carbon loss values within the observed range can be partly attributed to …Web