Indium tin oxide (ITO) is currently the choice of electrode material in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). D2EHPA is known to be an extractant that can be used to selectively recover indium from 1 M ...Web

Despite the significant efforts to find replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO), it is still an essential component of new generation solar cells. ... The recovered ITO utilised to produce new batch of perovskite solar cells by repeating the same manufacturing protocols as mentioned previously. Two cell modules each were manufactured for each ...Web

In this study, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were simply recovered from the thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel scraps by means of lift-off method. This can be done by …Web

under 1 Pa for 30 min, and pure indium could be selectively recovered around the condensing temperature. Yang et al.27 studied the recovery of indium using extractants cyanex 923, cyanex 272, TBP and D2EHPA, respectively in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solution, and ca. 99 wt% of indium was recovered with a purity around 90%.Web

Indium-tin-oxide nanoparticles have well crystallized structures with (222) preferred orientation even after recovery and could be applied to the industrial recovery business for large size LCD scraps from TV easily without crushing the glass substrate. In this study, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were simply recovered from the thin film …Web

It has been reported that indium could be recovered from stripping solution of 3 M H 2 SO 4 (pH 3) using zinc powder for 7 h at 25 °C [].Zinc plates were used for indium cementation from waste ITS leaching solution of 1 M H 2 SO 4 (pH 1–1.5) at 65 °C for 40 h and the replacement of indium reached 99.9% [].Rocchetti et al. [] indicated that …Web

Both indium and tin can be separated and recovered with a lower recovery rate and purity in the ion-exchanged process, while an enormous amount of chemicals (extractants, ionic liquid, solvent, and resin) and water were consumed and finally became secondary wastes. In contrast, the DDDF process only requires general equipment, which makes it ...Web

1. Introduction. Indium is known as one of the scattered and valuable metals in the IIIA column of the periodic table [1], which can be used to synthesize varieties of compounds with favorable semi-conductive or optoelectronic performance [2].Due to its specific functional applications, Indium plays an important role in transparent conductive …Web

Like pure tin, pure indium emits a squealing sound when bent. Properties. Indium has the chemical symbol In and the atomic number 49. It has the electron configuration ... Indium recovered from this process is metal of a low-grade. It is further refined to be a high purity metal in refineries. Indium is produced in a lot of different …Web

Although a portion of the indium in zinc circuits is recovered by cementation with aluminum, electrolysis is the main process in zinc, lead, and tin refining for producing metallic indium. For example, two stages of electrorefining are employed in tin processing operations such as at Capper Pass located in Humberside, England.Web

1. Introduction. Due to the particular properties of optical transmission over 90%, UV absorption rate and microwave attenuation rate above 70% and 85% [1], indium tin oxide (ITO) is considered to be a suitable material for transparent electrode, which has been widely implemented in liquid crystal display (LCD) production.More than 200 million …Web

The amount of tin was also analyzed by ICP in order to determine the weight percentage ratio of indium and tin recovered on the filter. The ratio is illustrated as In/(Sn+In) (Fig. S6). At reaction temperatures above 260 °C, In/(Sn+In) was 0.9, therefore demonstrating that the filtered product contained 90% indium and 10% tin. Since the ...Web

Indium is a valuable metal and the present work was aimed to recover indium from ITO as the starting material to study the recovery of indium from waste LCD …Web

According to the USGS (2016), the production of crude indium in China in 2014 was 460 tons, and thus the amount of crude indium that was recovered from the blast furnace slag of the lead pyrometallurgical process, and from copper, tin and iron and other smelting by-products would be 143 tons.Web

Last Updated: 28 Jan 2023. PDF | The etching waste solution from the indium-consuming fabrication processes is considered as the viable resource for indium recovery. The... | Find, read and cite ...Web

It seems that not only organic material deposited on recycled ITO electrodes were oxidized and removed from the surface both also indium was leached from the structure of the original indium tin oxide films. Indium can be recovered from ITO deposits using concentrate acids such as sulfuric acid at different concentrations. 7,12,13,44 …Web

Indium is an important by-product of zinc metal processing operations. Indium and other metal values are recovered during the production of primary commodities such as zinc by means of complex ...Web

• Indium is produced mainly as a byproduct of zinc, and to a lesser extent as a byproduct of copper, tin, and polymetallic deposits from mineral ores containing less than 100 parts per million (ppm) (or less than 0.01%) indium.3 We estimate that the indium content of zinc and other ores from which indium was recovered in 2013 was ~700 tonnes.Web

It is revealed that the recovered indium chloride (InCl3 ) from indium oxide waste can be applied as an effective hole-selective interfacial layer for the ITO electrode (noted as InCl3 -ITO anode ...Web

Figure 3 showed that the reduction intervals of indium and tin were different under CO–CO 2 atmosphere, and the reduction temperature of indium was relatively lower, so it was possible to selectively reduce indium and tin to different phases by adjusting the CO content and temperature to achieve indium-tin separation. In region ②, when …Web

Particularly, indium tin oxide (ITO) which consists of In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 with the weight ratio of 9:1 is an essential part of liquid crystal display (LCD) owing to its unique characteristics of ...Web

In this work, an environmentally-friendly leaching process for the recovery of indium (In) and tin (Sn) from LCD panel waste was investigated. Easily degradable …Web

With either 1 M of TBP or 0.2 M of D2EHPA + 0.8 M of TBP, tin could be selectively extracted from a 1.5 M HCl solution of this metal. D2EHPA extracts both indium and tin from H2SO4 media but ...Web

In this paper, a closed-loop hydrometallurgical process was proposed for indium recovery from waste indium–tin oxide (ITO) targets. Both high indium …Web

From the sputtering waste indium can be recovered ... The following reagents were used in this study: indium tin oxide (ITO) nano powder (Inframat Advanced Materials, 99.99%, particle size 30-70 ...Web

Then, indium-tin alloy was recovered by electrolysis of s-ITO particles in CaCl2 at −2.8 V and 850℃. The mass ratio of In and Sn in the alloy obtained by electrolysis is almost the same as ...Web

A multi-step chemical process for the recovery and separation of indium, tin and lead from scrap wire has been reported [11] that involved acid/alkali leaching, followed by cementation of lead with indium powder and the precipitation of tin, as tin oxide, with indium being recovered from the final solution by precipitation as a phosphate or by ...Web

In this study, we have introduced a novel process for zinc and indium extraction from a zinc residue rich in zinc ferrite. The zinc ferrite phase in zinc residue was reduced with reducing gas containing a mixture of H 2 (10%) and N 2. A multiple steps leaching process has been proposed followed by precipitation of indium, resulting in a …Web

Methods of Indium Recovery Authors: Michael Caplan Colorado School of Mines Corby G Anderson Colorado School of Mines …Web

Abstract As a high indium content material, resourceful recycling of waste ITO targets plays an important role in dealing with the increasing depletion of indium resources. This paper proposes to use …Web

Global competition and storage for indium resources are increasing. This paper uses substance flow analysis to quantify the flow of indium in China from 2000 to 2019 and discusses the problems facing …Web

Lead, tin and indium were successfully recovered from alloy wire scrap containing these metals by acid/alkali leaching. The scrap material was leached with hot HCl–HNO 3 solution. Upon cooling down to 10°C, 71.8% of lead initially present was separated as lead chloride.The major part of the remaining lead content (22.9%) was …Web

The predominant expense for the manufacturing cost of new generation photovoltaic devices including perovskite solar cells (PSC) emanate from the use of indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent electrodes and is due to its limited supply and patterning costs. The PSC devices also struggle with low lifetime, and thus it has a high potential of …Web

Indium tin oxide (ITO) film which is the main functional fraction of LCD has consumed more than 70% of the indium production worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle indium from waste LCDs.Web

Indium recycling occurs in the indium tin oxide manufacturing process to increase the efficiency of the process. However, with only small amounts of the element in any given device, recovering indium from post-consumer LCD scrap is cost prohibitive. ... Currently only 20% of indium is recovered. Increase the e fficiency of the current indium ...Web

In case of indium, almost all production occurs as by-product of zinc although indium can be associated also with tin, lead, copper, and iron ores. Concentrations of this kind of "companion metals" are typically so low in ores that their value are negligible or very small compared to main metals and, thus, they might not be recovered nor ...Web

This study proposed an innovative method to separate and recover indium and tin from spent indium–tin-oxide (ITO) targets. ITO was first dissolved using concentrated HCl and then the leaching solution was distilled to …Web

These indium tin oxide (ITO) films are composed of 90% of In 2 O 3 and 10% of SnO 2. ... Shimofusa et al. (2000) have patented a method in which indium is recovered by solvent extraction from nitric acid solution, which includes heavy metals as impurity but the use of nitric acid is expensive. Clearly, there remains a need to develop a more ...Web

In can be recovered by crushing TFT-LCD panel scraps followed by selective extraction. Acquisition of ITO from the TFT-LCD scrap with the optimal ratio is very valuable for cost saving by reducing the number of steps in the recovery process. In this study, a new recycling technology was developed to ... Characteristics of Indium Tin …Web