Compounds of silicon, germanium, tin, and lead with the same stoichiometry as those of carbon, however, tend to have different structures and properties. For example, CO 2 is a gas that contains discrete O=C=O molecules, whereas the most common form of SiO 2 is the high-melting solid known as quartz, the major component of sand.Web

Description. Silicon-germanium is a general term used for Si 1-x Ge x alloys that consist of any molar ratio of germanium and silicon. It is manufactured on silicon …Web

A series of six elements called the metalloids separate the metals from the nonmetals in the periodic table. The metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. These elements look metallic; however, they do not conduct electricity as well as metals so they are semiconductors. They are semiconductors because their ...Web

The second section outlines the current role of germanium in the semiconductor industry and the reasons cobalt germanide is an ideal contact material to germanium and silicon germanium semiconductor devices. Fundamental physical properties of cobalt germanides are presented next. Models for phase formation …Web

of silicon and germanium based on the theoretical analysis of the high-energy resolution reflected electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra, measured at 3, 4, and 5 keV incident electron ...Web

The ore contained silver and sulfur. Winkler isolated a new element from the ore and named it as germanium. The name germanium is derived from Germany, which is the native country of Winkler. Germanium is a metalloid like silicon and as such is used to make semiconductor devices. Basic Information. Table 1. Basic Properties of GermaniumWeb

properties of silicon and germanium by adjusting the mesostructure, nanostructure, and/or crystalline structure of these group 14 elements. Despite the promise to achieve enhanced functionality with these already technologically important elements, a significant challenge lies in the identification ofWeb

Abstract: This article provides the latest experimental information on those fundamental properties of germanium and silicon which are of device interest, currently or …Web

The role of germanium crystal orientation in ohmic and Schottky properties of the contact is analyzed. Fermi level pinning (FLP) plays a role mainly on metal/(100) n-type Ge interfaces.Web

atoms. This assumption is plausible because silicon, germanium and tin have similar outer electronic structure and the electronic properties of molten silicon and germanium show a metallic character [1]. In white tin-like atomic arrangement, the tetrahedra are compressed in one direction and elongated alongWeb

Germanium is a hard, white metalloid represented by Ge. As a metalloid, it can show identical character with metal and as well as with non-metals. In the periodic table, it is placed with group 14 elements. Mendeleev suggested the name of germanium as "eka silicon" and anticipated its position as a congener of silicon and tin in group 14.Web

Caption. A silicon oxide strip on a silicon (Si) base drives germanium (Ge) to form an archway-shaped tunnel centered directly over the oxide strip, MIT researchers have discovered. Transmission electron …Web

Ultrafast optical reflectivity measurements of silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide have been carried out using an advanced set-up providing intense subpicosecond pulses (35 fs FWHM ...Web

Abstract: This paper attempts to bring up to date the information on fundamental properties of silicon and germanium. Much the same topics are covered as in the author's earlier …Web

A systematic investigation with density functional theory (DFT) was carried out in order to explore the structural, energetic and electronic properties of silicon-doped germanium (SiGen, n 1-20 ...Web

Silicon germanium (SiGe) alloys have been shown to achieve the peak figure of merit (ZT) greater than 1 by significantly suppressing thermal conductivity (κ) as compared to pure Si and Ge [1–4], making them attractive especially for high-temperature thermoelectric (TE) power generation.A series of previous theoretical studies [5–7] have …Web

4.2 History of Thermoelectric SiGe Alloys. The potential of silicon-germanium solid solutions as a thermoelectric was shown in 1958 by Steele and Rosi [ 7 ]. In 1964, Dismukes et al. provided the foundation for future optimizations with their work on silicon-rich SiGe alloys [ 9, 10 ], and references therein].Web

Polycrystalline silicon-germanium (Poly SixGe1-x) can be used as one of the microstructural materials for MEMS due to its superior mechanical properties [1,2], high quality factor [3] and low ...Web

Elastic Properties of Diamond, Silicon, and Germanium Nanocrystals as Functions of their Size and Shape. November 2014; Technical Physics 59(11):1658-1668; ... It is seen from Eq. (35) that, for ...Web

This chapter reviews the properties of silicon-germanium, beginning with the electronic properties and then progressing to the optical properties. The growth of silicon-germanium is considered, with particular emphasis on the chemical vapour deposition technique and selective epitaxy.

Silicon and germanium present distinct and interesting transport properties. However, composites made of silicon‐germanium (SiGe) have resulted in a breakthrough in terms of their transport properties. Currently, these alloys are used in different applications, such as microelectronic devices and integrated circuits, …Web

The potential of silicon-germanium solid solutions as a thermoelectric was shown in 1958 by Steele and Rosi [7]. In 1964, Dismukes et al. provided the foundation for future optimizations with their work on silicon-rich SiGe alloys [9, 10], and 1400 10000 8000 Electrical Conductivity (Ω cm) 6000 4000 2000 0 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 17 18 ...Web

What's silicon germanium's place in circuit design? Silicon germanium (SiGe) is now a popular semiconductor that has skyrocketed in its production since the 90s. But this semiconductor didn't rise to success overnight. In fact, the combination of silicon and germanium was discovered by accident .Web

2.2. Germanium surface activation. Radical activation of the wafers is a key factor for the success of low temperature bonding. The effects of free radical activation for Si to Si bonding have been previously reported in our group [14].In that study, a comparison of different surface treatments for direct Si to Si wafer bonding was made.Web

Although the primary focus of this book is silicon–germanium alloys (Si 1−x Ge x) for photovoltaics, Si 1−x Ge x has other exciting and important applications. Due its higher mobility compared to silicon and excellent electronic properties, Si 1− x Ge x is used to improve transistor performance by increasing the mobility.Web

Germanium. melting point: 937.4 ° C boiling point: 2,830 ° C density: 5.323 g/cm 3 most common ion: Ge 4+ Ge 2+. Germanium has chemical and physical properties similar to those of silicon. It was predicted as an element ("eka-silicon") by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1871 from calculations made during the construction of his periodic table, …Web

Silicon–germanium is an important material that is used for the fabrication of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors and strained Si metal–oxide– semiconductor (MOS) …Web

Thermoelectric Properties of Silicon-Germanium Alloys In this chapter, SiGe nanocomposites are investigated for various parameters, such as thermal conductivity, …Web

A series of six elements called the metalloids separate the metals from the nonmetals in the periodic table. The metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. These elements look metallic; however, they do not conduct electricity as well as metals so they are semiconductors. They are semiconductors …Web

This chapter reviews the properties of silicon-germanium, beginning with the electronic properties and then progressing to the optical properties. The growth of silicon …Web

4. . 3. Silicon-Germanium. This section gives a brief summary of application examples as well as material properties of silicon-germanium alloys. SiGe thermogenerators have been successfully used in a couple …Web